I agree that the fundamental difference is how Catholics view justification.
However, I must beg your pardon and push back on the notion that Paul doesn't always write with great precision.
I think he DOES write with incredible precision, particularly on the subject of justification.
And the verses I offered exemplify that precision...and demonstrate how justification is not a "lifelong process" as Catholics like to think.
This post demands historical ignorance and arrogance.
There were already calls for reformation within the RCC some 200 years before Martin Luther came along.
When Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses, it was done for a call to for discussion aimed at doctrinal integrity and unity.
Rome wanted to have no part of it, blinded by their own lust for power bolstered by the assumption that their corrupt leaders could not possibly be wrong.
They responded to the Reformation with things like the Spanish Inquisitions, and then the [slightly] less harsh Roman Inquisitions.
They even doubled-down on their unwillingness to examine themselves with the Council of Trent.
In the end, Rome's comply-or-die policy, coupled with the rapid dissemination of their errors via the printing press, fueled the need for protest.
And the condemnation falls on the imperialistic leadership within the fortified walls of the Vatican, to whom Jesus would rightly say just as He said to the scribes and Pharisees in Matthew 23:34-35.
"Behold, I am sending you prophets and wise men and scribes; some of them you will kill and crucify, and some of them you will flog in your synagogues, and persecute from city to city, so that upon you may fall the guilt of all the righteous blood shed on earth...whom you murdered between the sanctuary and the altar."
Mary IS special or, as Gabriel called her, favored.
But special or favored does not make her co-redeemer with Christ.
Nor did Gabriel every say or imply that she would be co-redeemer.
Be that as it may, my point is that the RCC is not as unified as people think. It is filled with dissension and faction, even on issues that are central to Catholic faith and practice.
If we do indeed "develop the argument that there are NT passages outside of James," then we see that good works are "part of the project," but not for justification.
Paul makes it abundantly clear that justification is by faith apart from works in passages such as Romans 3:28, Romans 5:1, Galatians 2:16.
He even tells us that Abraham, whom James cites as an example and @CatholicDrip___ exclusively references, was justified by faith apart from works in Romans 4.
I appreciate your arrogance and condescension by which you boldly make unfounded assumptions of me.
Please tell me from your deluded sense of enlightenment, why else would they bow down before the statue with body language indicating praying the statue, if not to pray to the statue?
Or, more fundamentally, what is the purpose of these statues if not for people to bow down and pray to them?
@wcmclaa On the contrary. I love seeing people who pray…to the God who is revealed in creation, in Scripture, and in Jesus Christ.
I don’t love seeing people pray to statues of anything but God.
@MMccoy87326@wcmclaa That looks like someone kneeling before the cross beside the statue of Billy Graham, and not in a position of addressing, let alone praying to, the statue of Billy Graham. But nice try.
CCC 1129 plainly states, "The Church affirms that for believers the sacraments of the New Covenant are necessary for salvation."
CCC 1212 goes on to say, "The sacraments of Christian initiation - Baptism, Confirmation, and the Eucharist - lay the foundations of every Christian life" as "the faithful are born anew by Baptism, strengthened by the sacrament of Confirmation, and receive in the Eucharist the food of eternal life."
CCC 774 adds, "The saving work of his (Christ's) holy and sanctifying humanity is the sacrament of salvation, which is revealed and active in the Church's sacraments," and, "The Church, then, both contains and communicates the invisible grace she she signifies. It is in this analogical sense, that the Church is called a 'sacrament.'"
You see, according to Catholic doctrine salvation IS by doing the works of the sacraments, which can only be performed in and through the Roman church, which it considers a sacrament itself.
Any Catholic who says otherwise is willfully ignorant of, or lying about, what Rome teaches.
I use the word "molecule" to emphasize what Catholics believe. Rather than the bread and wine transform, or merely change in appearance or change "accidents," they teach that the bread and wine literally transubstantiate - change substance.
The substance of something is it essential nature, its fundamental quality, its particular or definite chemical composition.
While maintaining the taste and appearance of bread and wine, Rome teaches that the bread and wine change substantially (e.g., molecularly) into human flesh and blood to be consume - transubstantiation.
They even define transubstantiation in their catechism as "the change of the entire substance of the bread into the substance of the Body of Christ, and of the entire substance of the wine into the Blood of Christ - even though the appearances or 'species' of bread and wine remain."
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