Kimo @Kimoze7

My PhD work "On the Genes, Genealogies, and Geographies of Quebec" is now published in SCIENCE!!🧑‍🔬 🌎We explore the emergence of genetic variation in Quebec's settler population with a detailed model using a genealogy of 5M records. 🔗science.org/doi/10.1126/sc… 🧵for details : 1/7

The Y-DNA samples at Bakr Awa, representing populations in Lullubum and Zamua, are just one part of a much larger phenomenon, which indicates that the Zagros Mountains were subject to extensive population settlements during the Bronze and Iron Ages from peoples further west and north of the Zagros, before any Iranians arrived on the Plateau. Modern Kurds who reside in these same regions have far more eastern lineages, which is obviously reflective of their ancestral Iranian settlement in these lands, who were ultimately rooted in migrations from south-central Asia onto the Plateau. The modern ethnic distributions of these haplogroups have no presence among Iranians or Kurds that is not directly tied to having a modern Armenian paternal ancestor. Prior to the bulk of these samples at Bakr Awa, there had been massive settlements from the Kura-Araxes culture, which expanded out of the Armenian Highlands into the Zagros. This is the ultimate origin of the two G2b samples that are KAC-derived, but who were absorbed into the incoming populations of the region. One of the samples has an exceedingly rare, in modern populations, steppe-derived lineage from the Catacomb culture, or possibly even the Lola culture. The expansion of Hurrians from upper Mesopotamia, accompanied by waves of Semites deriving from the Levant, represents the most important lineages among the samples at Bakr Awa.

@TheInsularity @MiroCyo Well, Acadians are their own subgroup, that's the only native american uniparental observed so far. Like most other French Canadian don't have Acadian roots. As for the native american admix not everyone has it since its from 400 years ago for most part. Like alot don't score it

Tired of seeing the endless narcissistic projections about what Jesus looked like. So vain and petty. So here's rank order genetic distance to unpublished Roman-era Jewish samples from Judaea to the Galilee, against all modern ethnic & regional groups.

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Molecules from 20-million-year-old rhino-relative teeth are among the oldest ever sequenced go.nature.com/4kvViXc

The Middle East during the reign of the Neo-Assyrian king Esarhaddon in the 7th century BC. Best known for his campaigns against the Iranian Medes, his successful conquest of Egypt, and for reversing his father Sennacherib’s hostile policy toward Babylonia by rebuilding the city.

Genomes of the Golden Horde Elites and their Implications for the Rulers of the Mongol Empire. One of the males is believed to be Joshi (Juchi), the eldest son of Genghis Khan. biorxiv.org/content/10.110…

NEW MAP - Geography of the Şerefname (1597), by Şerefxanê Bedlîsî. (WIP) umap.openstreetmap.fr/nl/map/sharafn… I never got around making this one flawless, and it still isn't! But, I figured, it was finally time to publish it, as the days & years pass by quickly, ENJOY!

The pre-Islamic script from Dhofar is undeciphered and therefore there are no inscriptions of this type in #OCIANA. Now we have the decipherment of the main variant of the Dhofari alphabet: academia.edu/129778573/Al_J…. There is much more work to be done now that reading is possible.

An exhaustive list of the main R1a clades relevant to Indo-Iranians. A few points are worth mentioning: non-Z93 Indo-Iranian R1a clades do exist, although they are less common. Approximately 80% of Indic R1a lineages are concentrated on R-M605. Other clades, such as R-S23592 and R-YP451 is predominantly found among Turkic, European, and Caucasian populations that have inherited it from historical groups like the Scythians, Sogdians, and Alans, and will therefore be considered under an Iranian branch. Meanwhile, smaller subclades like R-43743, which descends from R-Y874, are too limited in size to warrant additional assignment to the stem.

The following is an appropriate G25 model for samples as presented by Amjadi et al., contrasted against modern West Iranian-derived populations and two additional Bronze Age samples from Mazandaran. All the samples from this study, except for a medieval-era Luristan sample and Gol Afshan Tepe, originate from the Caspian region and span from the Achaemenid to the Sasanian periods. Gol Afshan Tepe sample, located in Isfahan, which predates the arrival of Iranian-speaking populations on the plateau. For context, the Caspian region refers to northern Iran, defined geographically by the Alborz mountain range. Notably, none of the Caspian samples in this dataset contain any trace of Sintashta ancestry, whether directly or indirectly (for example, via Iranian Zoroastrian proxies, which otherwise reflect near-complete continuity with populations from mainland Iran during the Sasanian period). This observation strongly suggests that the populations of the Caspian were already fully Iranised, culturally and linguistically, without significant genetic input from Indo-Iranian migrations. However, this does not imply that modern Iranians lack Sintashta ancestry. Rather, most modern Iranians descend from different source populations than those represented by the pre-Islamic Caspian individuals. Interestingly, modern Gilaki and Mazandarani populations are considerably more shifted towards other Iranians across the plateau compared to the ancient Caspian individuals, suggesting later admixture events. It is important to clarify that the intent of this model is not to measure direct admixture, which remains unachievable with the current ancient Iranian dataset. This is due to the absence of any definitive sample representing the Iranian migrants responsible for the primary wave of admixture that shaped the gene pool of modern Iranians. Instead, the model is meant to illustrate broader patterns of continuity, influx, and isolation. The Dinkha MBA sample, for example, represents the sustained movement of Mesopotamian-type ancestry into the Iranian plateau starting in the Chalcolithic era. This westward gene flow caused the genetic profile of the plateau’s population to shift significantly from earlier samples such as Gol Afshan Tepe and Seh Gabi C. The Hasanlu Iron Age sample, by contrast, represents a localized, non-Iranian ancestry in northwestern Iran, shaped by the presence of Grey Ware cultures and Transcaucasian- elements. It should be noted that any later introgression of Transcaucasian-Iranian ancestry into Iran may be artificially assigned to the Hasanlu category, as G25 is not a sufficiently precise tool to account for such overlaps. Modern Zoroastrian samples are employed as proxies for the middle Iranian era due to their relatively preserved genetic composition. As of 2025, these samples remain the most representative case study for this historical period, in part because they have retained a high degree of genetic isolation. Broadly speaking, Iranian Zoroastrians can be modeled as a composite of three key ancestral components: a Mesopotamian-like element, BMAC (Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex), and Sintashta. In the present model, these components, when found outside the Zoroastrian group, are treated as excess admixture rather than total admixture, reflecting subsequent genetic contributions to later populations. The BMAC component plays a dual role. Bronze Age Caspian individuals can be modelled as a mix of Kura-Araxes and Hissar-related ancestry (similar to BMAC), which was later supplanted by a wave of BMAC-related gene flow into the region. Second, BMAC is entered the Iranian plateau with Iranian-speaking migrants themselves. A reasonable reconstruction of such a migrating population would yield a profile roughly composed of two-thirds BMAC and one-third Andronovo ancestry. The Sintashta component, included as a separate entry, is used to model an additional layer of proto-Iranian admixture that lies outside the core Zoroastrian (middle mainland Iranian era) category. This addition helps to highlight that the ancient Caspian samples show no evidence of this specific ancestry and therefore likely do not reflect a demographic contribution from Indo-Iranian migrants. The Kura-Araxes Culture (KAC) component similarly serves two interpretive functions. It proxies both the Bronze Age Transcaucasian influx into the Caspian and the continued movement of Transcaucasian ancestry into the region from Azerbaijan during the Old and Middle Iranian periods. Due to the absence of ancient samples from Azerbaijan for these periods, KAC serves as a necessary stand-in for these dynamics. Additional components are included for broader regional context. The Catacomb sample is used to approximate extra Early and Middle Bronze Age steppe ancestry. The Turkey_Ottoman sample represents Oghuz-type ancestry that began entering the Middle East during the early Islamic period and continued thereafter. Armenian_Erzurum is used to capture direct Armenian-related genetic input. Finally, Sub-Saharan African (SSA) and Indus Valley proxies are included to account for minor African and South Asian components, respectively, which appear in some modern Iranian genomes and reflect long-distance, low-level gene flow. This G25 model is not designed to precisely measure admixture proportions as we are still lacking many relevant samples, but to illustrate the complex ancestral layers and demographic shifts that have shaped Iranian populations over time.

Here is the modern distributions of the Central Plateau Dialects (CPD). It is a North-western Iranian language that exhibits a significant overlay of Perside features, stemming from the Old, Middle, and New Iranian periods, much like Farvi, Kurdish, and Balochi. This distinguishes them from other Northwestern Iranian languages such as Gorani, Gilaki, Zazaki, Mazandarani, Parthian, Old Azari, and Talysh, which largely lack such level of Persian influence. As a result, linguists often describe CPDs as “transitional West Iranian languages.” Despite this shared transitional status, Kurdish, Balochi, and Farvi remain very distinct from the CPDs. These three languages incorporate a much greater number of Southwestern (Persian) features, especially from the Old and Middle Iranian eras, and even show evidence of historical areal contact with Persian dialects such as Bashkardi, native to the Kerman region. As of 2025, approximately 200,000 people across Isfahan, Markazi, and Yazd still speak CPD as their native language. Historically, prior to the Safavid conquest and subsequent devastation of these regions in the 16th century, CPD was likely the dominant vernacular across much of central Iran. However, following the Safavid campaigns, Persian rapidly began to supplant the native dialects. Interestingly, in Yazd, it is preserved among Zoroastrian communities.

Average medieval ancestry breakdown of Azerbaijanis from different regions (G25)

We are going to introduce the different arabic speaking groups in Mardin and their villages due to the scarcity of information on them, which spread the idea that all mardin arabs are Mhallami or made some nationalists claim these groups and their results are kurdish. • 1 Mardin Urbanite (Mardini, Mardinli, Mardeli) : The city of mardin consists of 14 neighbourhoods, known locally as mahale. In all of these neighbourhood there are old families, and the name "Mardelli" has been applied to them from 4 centuries atleast. These families have no villages, and it not known from where exactly they originate aside from oral history among some families from very old times. Previously there was in the city of Mardin armenians who spoke arabic, and currently a lot of kurds migrated to it from the villages of mardin province and other turkish provinces like Muş. The majority of Nusaybin urbanites, aside from Christians and Jews, were from the urbanite arabs of Mardin, and the arabs of Mardin formed a big part of the urban inhabitants of the city of Dunaiser/Kiziltepe alongside Ghursis and Armenian and Turkmen and Chechen Migrants. The old neighbourhoods of Mardin: Mahalet Kulasiye Mahalet Shahidiye Mahalet Bab Al-Sur Mahalet Al-Takiye Mahalet Al-Jame' Al-Kabir Mahalet Al-Madrasa Mahalet Al-Qal'a Mahalet Shiekh Allah Mahalet Bab Al-Jadid Mahalet Çabuk Mahalet Bab Al-Meshkiye Mahalet Amin Al-Deen Mahalet Latifiye Mahalet Najm Al-Deen The gates of Mardin: Bab Al-Sur Bab Al-Jadeed Bab Al-Zeytoun Bab Al-Meshkiye/Bab Al-Khammara

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ظهرت عينة من منطقة وادي سوف جنوب الجزائر على السلالة D تحت الخط Y330435 متكتلة مع عينتين من اليمن آل النجار من شبوة و آل القربي من البيضاء و هما يشكلان فرعا مستقلا بفراغ جيني كبير اسفل هذه السلالة نتمنى تطوير هذه العينة السوفية من قبيلة اولاد احمد لمعرفة عمر الالتقاء معهما.

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Neolithic Iranian (Zagrosian) ancestry in modern day Iran, based on all available samples (G25)

Y-DNA distribution from Azerbaijanis (cross-national)

Temporary post on Cimmerians. recent Ukraine paper published another Cimmerian sample with 30-40% East Asian, as we already also had such examples. In other word: early IA people who brought Scytho-Siberian culture to Western steppe weren't different from Eastern Scythians.

🚨 Breaking News 🚨 J-P58 has been split! Using Big Y testing, the Avotaynu DNA Project has discovered an 11,000-year-old Neolithic lineage. The new branch structure is: 👉 J-L136 (~9900 BCE) > J-Z1874 (~9000 BCE) > J-P58 (~7550 BCE)